Resumo A plasticidade fenotípica geralmente observada em caracteres morfológicos e anatômicos foliares pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, como luminosidade, disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, umidade e herbivoria, entre outros. Testamos essa plasticidade em Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae) em um fragmento florestal no sul da Amazônia, Mato Grosso - Brasil, buscando verificar possíveis estratégias de aclimatação morfoanatômica à luminosidade. Coletamos folhas totalmente expandidas de 15 indivíduos adultos expostos diretamente à luz solar, nas margens de um lago, e 15 sob o sombreamento do dossel. Avaliamos quantitativamente oito variáveis morfológicas e seis anatômicas, das quais seis e quatro, respectivamente, diferiram significativamente entre folhas de sol e sombra. Morfologicamente, as folhas de sol apresentaram maior tamanho da lâmina foliar e do pecíolo e, anatomicamente, células epidérmicas com paredes levemente mais espessadas, maiores densidades e índice estomático. Folhas de sombra apresentaram epiderme significativamente mais espessa em ambas as faces. As folhas de M. nervosa apresentaram grau mediano a alto de plasticidade nas variáveis morfoanatômicas conforme índice de plasticidade fenotípica, com caracteres mistos de ambientes de sol e sombra. Sugerimos que a distribuição dos indivíduos de M. nervosa na floresta está relacionada à disponibilidade de luz e umidade do solo.

Abstract The phenotype plasticity usually observed in morphological and anatomical leaf traits may be influenced by several factors, such as luminosity, soil nutrient availability, humidity and herbivory, among others. We tested leaf plasticity in Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae) in a forest fragment in Southern Amazonia, Mato Grosso State - Brazil, seeking to verify morpho-anatomical strategies of light acclimation. We collected fully expanded leaves of 15 individuals exposed directly to sunlight, on a lake edge, and 15 under canopy shading. We evaluated quantitatively eight morphological variables and six anatomical variables, of which six and four, respectively, differed significantly between sun and shade leaves. Morphologically, sun leaves showed larger leaf and petiole sizes and anatomically, epidermal cells with slightly thickened walls, higher stomatal index and density. Shade leaves showed significantly thicker epidermis on both leaf faces. Leaves of M. nervosa exhibited medium to high degree of plasticity in morpho-anatomical traits, according to the plasticity index, with mixed characteristics of sun and shade environments. We suggest that the distribution of M. nervosa individuals in the forest is related to the availability of light and soil moisture.

Abstract The main objectives of the study were to determine which was the best implantation of forest method between direct seeding and planting of seedlings, the use of Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) and hydrogel in the pioneer species Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum and Senegalia polyphylla, and the use of morphometric indices, such as slenderness of trunk and canopy, to assist in growth evaluation. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used as the main methods. The morphometric indices, plus the variables height, trunk and canopy diameter, provided complementary information on the morphological growth pattern of the plant. For both species, both direct seeding and planting of seedlings promoted good results in the growth variables, with the planting of seedlings showing better results in Senegalia, however, not enough statistical clarity for Schizolobium. Regarding inputs, the SRF promoted the best results and therefore this fertilizer was recommended for a complementary input in forest implantation.

ABSTRACT Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. (Apocynaceae) is used in popular medicine to treat malaria and dengue. The aim of the present study was to morphoanatomically, histochemistry and phytochemically characterize A. macrocarpon young branches and leaves, seeking to indicate secondary compounds presenting medicinal potential to treat these diseases. Aspidosperma macrocarpon young branches and leaves were collected in private properties located in municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Sectional and paradermic sections were set freehand using a steelblade, were doubly stained and assembled on histological slides. The fresh material was subjected to histochemical and phytochemical tests for detection of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiotonic glycosides, anthraquinone, steroids and terpenes. Aspidosperma macrocarpon presented glandular trichomes, cavities and secretory cells. We detected the presence of tannins, flavonoid, phenolic compounds, cardiotonic glycosides and alkaloids, which may confer antiplasmodic activity and antiviral properties to the species. As far as it is known, the present study was the first to identify aspects of the histochemical and phytochemical composition of young branches and leaves A. macrocarpon which may be associated with the popular use of this plant to treat malaria and dengue in a transition region between the Cerrado and Amazon biomes, where malaria and dengue occur endemically.

RESUMEN Aspidosperma macrocarpon Mart. (Apocynaceae) es empleada en la medicina popular para el tratamiento de la malaria y el dengue. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar morfoanatómicamente, histoquímicamente y fitoquímicamente el tronco y la lámina foliar de A. macrocarpon, buscando identificar compuestos secundarios con potencial farmacológico para el tratamiento de ambas enfermedades. Muestras de tallos verdes y hojas de A. macrocarpon fueron recolectados en propiedades particulares en el municipio de Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Las secciones transversales y paradérmicas en los órganos fueron obtenidas a mano libre, con ayuda de lámina de acero, doblemente coloreadas y montadas en láminas histológicas. El material fresco fue sometido a pruebas histoquímicas y fitoquímicas para detección de saponinas, taninos, alcaloides, flavonoides, glucósidos cardiotónicos, antraquinonas, esteroides y terpenos. A. macrocarpon presenta tricomas glandulares, células secretoras y cavidades. Detectamos la presencia de taninos, flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos, glucósidos cardiotónicos y alcaloides, que pueden conferir a esta especie actividad antiplasmódica y propiedades antivirales. El presente estudio fue el primero en identificar aspectos de la composición histoquímica y fitoquímica de ramas jóvenes y hojas de A. macrocarpon que pueden estar asociados al uso popular de esa planta para el tratamiento de la malaria y del dengue en una región de transición entre los biomas Cerrado y Amazonia, donde la malaria y el dengue ocurren endémicamente.